Nevertheless, probiotics can regulate the dysfunctional hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis). Probiotics secrete neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, and catecholamines, which inhibit the transmissions of the nerve impulses in the central nervous system (CNS).
, the gut can manipulate the brain in different ways. Probiotic cultures that can tolerate the processing conditions of the digestion and show probiotic properties after the process with a maximum surviving capacity are considered as effective probiotics and Lactobacillus Casei Shirota strain is considered as one of the effective probiotic strains. A human possesses a unique probiotic profile in the gut from birth, but probiotics can be consumed externally via fermented food, capsules, drinks, shots, and powder. Probiotics are known as friendly bacteria living in the gut, and through correct administration, these probiotic bacteria can provide various health benefits to the host. The human gut is colonized by more than 100 trillion microbiotas, and these bacteria can provide benefits to the individuals, but they can also cause harm. However, there are still many areas that remained undiscovered. Hence, any changes that occurred to the brain can affect the gut and vice versa. The bi-directional relationship between the gut and brain captured the attention of many researchers, and they started to explore the depth of this relationship. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is one of the vastly researched areas in the recent decade. Abdullah reported that gastrointestinal discomforts such as abdominal bloating are common among most populations which can affect their psychological disturbances. If the right amount is consumed, it can positively affect the brain by providing benefits to the people who suffer from chronic stress, bad mood, or anxiety-like symptoms. Psychobiotics are the probiotics that contain psychotropic properties. This novel concept led to the formation of a new term called “Psychobiotics”. Recently, many studies revealed the effect of probiotics on psychological conditions such as stress, anxiety, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and depression. Probiotics provide not only physiological benefits but also psychological benefits to the individuals. The effect of probiotics on human health is evidenced by many types of research on humans and animals. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of current findings. In conclusion, these findings suggest that daily probiotics supplementation may have the potential to modulate the brain waves namely, theta (relaxation) and delta (attention) for better training, brain function, and psychological improvement to exercise. The cognitive test reaction time (digit vigilance test) showed significant improvement in the probiotic group compared to the placebo ( p < 0.05). Similarly, brain waves showed no significant changes during the study period except for the theta wave and delta wave at week 4 ( p < 0.05). Data were statistically analyzed using mixed factorial ANOVA and results revealed that there is no significant difference between the probiotic and placebo groups for heart rate (61.90 bpm ± 5.84 vs.
#Neulog galvanic skin response sensor portable#
Portable biofeedback devices were used to measure the electroencephalography, heart rate, and electrodermal responses along with cognitive tests at the baseline, week 4, and week 8.
#Neulog galvanic skin response sensor trial#
The randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 20 male footballers who received either probiotics ( Lactobacillus Casei Shirota strain 3 × 10 10 colony forming units (CFU) or a placebo drink over eight weeks. The present study aimed to determine the effect of daily probiotics supplementation on anxiety induced physiological parameters among competitive football players.
Probiotics are capable of reducing these psychological disorders. Competitive football players who undergo strenuous training and frequent competitions are more vulnerable to psychological disorders.
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